ANSWER:
Glass-ionomer cements release significantly more fluoride.
QUESTION:
Does GIC release more fluoride than fluoride containing composite?
Evidence - Base
Database: PubMed
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1. Literature search and review
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Search date: 01.09.2009

Search words (MeSH/Textwords/Boolean string):
Search ("Fluorides"[Mesh] AND "Glass Ionomer Cements"[Mesh]) AND "Composite Resins"[Mesh]
Search strategy: PubMed search using search words, followed by reference check of included articles

Criteria for article inclusion:
1. Relevant to review question
2. Published in English language
3. 2-arm prospective longitudinal study (in-vitro, in-situ, in-vivo)

Search results:
Total number of articles found = 317
Number of articles included based on the inclusion criteria = 37 trials
Number of trials excluded after further review = 11
Number of trials accepted after further review = 26
2. Data analysis and results
6. Publication bias
3. Conclusion
The systematic literature search found 317 articles of which 37 in-vitro trials were identified to be in line with the inclusion criteria. Of these, 25 trials were traced and accepted for further review and data extraction. From the 25 reviewed trials 163 individual datasets were extracted and analysed. The results show a significantly higher fluoride release (p<0.05) of GIC.
Collaborating review centre:
Universidade de São Paulo
Departmento de Ortodontia e
OdontopediatriaFaculdade
de Odontologia
Av Prof Lineu Prestes
2227 Sao Paulo
Brazil
email
Review of the included articles was conducted independently by two reviewers. Differences were resolved by discussion and consensus. Trials were excluded if contains no computable data.

Trials excluded (with reason):
(1) Can-Karabulut DC, Batmaz I, Solak H, Tastekin M.Linear regression modeling to compare fluoride release profiles of various restorative materials. Dent Mater. 2007 Sep;23(9):1057-65. (No SD, mean reported)
(2) Chan WD, Yang L, Wan W, Rizkalla AS. Fluoride release from dental cements and composites: a mechanistic study.Dent Mater. 2006 Apr;22(4):366-73. (No SD, mean reported)
(3) Karantakis P, Helvatjoglou-Antoniades M, Theodoridou-Pahini S, Papadogiannis Y. Fluoride release from three glass ionomers, a compomer, and a composite resin in water, artificial saliva, and lactic acid. Oper Dent. 2000 Jan-Feb;25(1):20-5. (No SD reported)
(4) Glasspoole EA, Erickson RL, Davidson CL. A fluoride-releasing composite for dental applications. Dent Mater. 2001 Mar;17(2):127-33. (No SD reported)
(5) Preston AJ, Mair LH, Agalamanyi EA, Higham SM. Fluoride release from aesthetic dental materials. J Oral Rehabil. 1999 Feb;26(2):123-9. (No SD reported)
(6) de Araujo FB, García-Godoy F, Cury JA, Conceição EN. Fluoride release from fluoride-containing materials. Oper Dent. 1996 Sep-Oct;21(5):185-90. (No SD reported)
(7) Suljak JP, Hatibovic-Kofman S. A fluoride release-adsorption-release system applied to fluoride-releasing restorative materials. Quintessence Int. 1996 Sep;27(9):635-8. (No SD reported)
(8) Forsten L. Short- and long-term fluoride release from glass ionomers and other fluoride-containing filling materials in vitro. Scand J Dent Res. 1990 Apr;98(2):179-85. (No SD reported)
(9) Forss H, Seppä L. Prevention of enamel demineralization adjacent to glass ionomer filling materials.Scand J Dent Res. 1990 Apr;98(2):173-8. (No SD reported)
(10) Asmussen E, Peutzfeldt A. Long-term fluoride release from a glass ionomer cement, a compomer, and from
experimental resin composites. Acta Odontol Scand. 2002 Mar;60(2):93-7.
(11) Nagamine M, Itota T, Torii Y, Irie M, Staninec M, Inoue K. Effect of resin-modified glass ionomer cements on secondary caries. Am J Dent. 1997 Aug;10(4):173-8.
SD = Standard deviation; Mean = group mean values


Trials accepted:
- in vitro -
(1) Yap AU, Khor E, Foo SH. Fluoride release and antibacterial properties of new-generation tooth-colored restoratives. Oper Dent. 1999 Sep-Oct;24(5):297-305.
(2) Okuyama K, Murata Y, Pereira PN, Miguez PA, Komatsu H, Sano H.Fluoride release and uptake by various dental materials after fluoride application. Am J Dent. 2006 Apr;19(2):123-7.
(3) Itota T, Al-Naimi OT, Carrick TE, Yoshiyama M, McCabe JF.Fluoride release from aged resin composites containing fluoridated glass filler. Dent Mater. 2005 Nov;21(11):1033-8.
(4) Itota T, Carrick TE, Rusby S, Al-Naimi OT, Yoshiyama M, McCabe JF. Determination of fluoride ions released from resin-based dental materials using ion-selective electrode and ion chromatograph. J Dent. 2004 Feb;32(2):117-22.
(5) Attar N, Turgut MD.Fluoride release and uptake capacities of fluoride-releasing restorative materials. Oper Dent. 2003 Jul-Aug;28(4):395-402.
(6) Xu X, Burgess JO. Compressive strength, fluoride release and recharge of fluoride-releasing materials. Biomaterials. 2003 Jun;24(14):2451-61.
(7) Attar N, Onen A. Fluoride release and uptake characteristics of aesthetic restorative materials. J Oral Rehabil. 2002 Aug;29(8):791-8.
(8) Preston AJ, Agalamanyi EA, Higham SM, Mair LH. The recharge of esthetic dental restorative materials with fluoride in vitro-two years' results. Dent Mater. 2003 Jan;19(1):32-7.
(9) Hotta M, Kawano S, Sekine I. Direct tensile strength of visible light-cured restorative materials containing fluoride. J Oral Rehabil. 2001 Sep;28(9):854-9.
(10) Gao W, Smales RJ. Fluoride release/uptake of conventional and resin-modified glass ionomers, and compomers. J Dent. 2001 May;29(4):301-6.
(11) Helvatjoglu-Antoniades M, Karantakis P, Papadogiannis Y, Kapetanios H. Fluoride release from restorative materials and a luting cement. J Prosthet Dent. 2001 Aug;86(2):156-64.
(12) Xu HH, Eichmiller FC, Antonucci JM, Flaim GM. Single-crystalline ceramic whisker-reinforced carboxylic acid-resin composites with fluoride release. Oper Dent. 2000 Mar-Apr;25(2):90-7.
(13) Vermeersch G, Leloup G, Vreven J. Fluoride release from glass-ionomer cements, compomers and resin composites. J Oral Rehabil. 2001 Jan;28(1):26-32.
(14) Peng D, Smales RJ, Yip HK, Shu M. In vitro fluoride release from aesthetic restorative materials following recharging with APF gel. Aust Dent J. 2000 Sep;45(3):198-203.
(15) Vieira AR, de Souza IP, Modesto A. Fluoride uptake and release by composites and glass ionomers in a high caries challenge situation. Am J Dent. 1999 Feb;12(1):14-8.
(16) Carvalho AS, Cury JA. Fluoride release from some dental materials in different solutions. Oper Dent. 1999 Jan-Feb;24(1):14-9.
(17) Aboush YE, Torabzadeh H. Fluoride release from tooth-colored restorative materials: a 12-month report. J Can Dent Assoc. 1998 Sep;64(8):561-4, 568.
(18) Kan KC, Messer LB, Messer HH. Variability in cytotoxicity and fluoride release of resin-modified glass-ionomer cements. J Dent Res. 1997 Aug;76(8):1502-7.
(19) Tam LE, Chan GP, Yim D. In vitro caries inhibition effects by conventional and resin-modified glass-ionomer restorations. Oper Dent. 1997 Jan-Feb;22(1):4-14.
(20) Burgess JO, Re GJ, Jordan T. Fluoride release and shear bond strength of seven base materials. Gen Dent. 1993 Jul-Aug;41(4):301-4; quiz 305-6.
(21) Takahashi K, Emilson CG, Birkhed D. Fluoride release in vitro from various glass ionomer cements and resin composites after exposure to NaF solutions. Dent Mater. 1993 Nov;9(6):350-4.
(22) Ulukapi H, Benderli Y, Soyman M. Determination of fluoride release from light-cured glass-ionomers and a fluoridated composite resin from the viewpoint of curing time. J Oral Rehabil. 1996 Mar;23(3):197-201.
(23) Young A, von der Fehr FR, Sønju T, Nordbø H. Fluoride release and uptake in vitro from a composite resin and two orthodontic adhesives. Acta Odontol Scand. 1996 Aug;54(4):223-8.
(24) Weidlich P, Miranda LA, Maltz M, Samuel SM. Fluoride release and uptake from glass ionomer cements and composite resins. Braz Dent J. 2000;11(2):89-96.
(25) Gjorgievska E, Nicholson JW, Gjorgovski I, Iljovska S. Aluminium and fluoride release into artificial saliva from dental restoratives placed in teeth. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2008 Oct;19(10):3163-7. Epub 2008 Apr 25.

Not traced
(26) Bala O, Uçtasli M, Can H, Türköz E, Can M. v J Nihon Univ Sch Dent. 1997 Sep;39(3):123-7.
The systematic literature search identified and traced 25 in-vitro trials in line with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. From these, a total of 163 independent datasets were extracted. Details of these datasets are provided in Table 1.

The trials investigated the difference between glass-ionomer cement and fluoride containing composite resin material in cumulative fluoride release after periods of time and the fluoride release after certain time intervals.

Of the 163 datasets,  72 were combined in 22 separate meta-analyses and 91 datasets were analyses independently. The results are presented in Table 2 (cumulative fluoride release after periods of time) and Table 3 (fluoride release after certain time intervals).
R E S U L T:
The result of the dataset analyses show that glass-ionomer cements release more fluoride than composite regardless of the type of outcome measured, time period or interval or in which materials were submerged.